Historiography: ancient, medieval & modern

1. The emergence of Greek historiography

The timeless past of gods and heroes

Discovering a past of human dimensions

2. The Era of the Polis and its historians

The new history of the Polis

The decline of the Polis: the loss of focus

3. Reaching the limits of Greek historiography

The history of a special decade

Hellenistic historiography: beyond the confines ofthe Polis

The problem of new regions and people

4. Early Roman historiography myths, Greeks, and the Republic

An early past dimly perceived

The Roman past and Greek learning

Greco-Roman history writing: triumph and a Latin response

5. Historians and the Republic's crisis

History as inspiration and structural analysis

History divorced from Rome's fate

6. Perceptions of the past in Augustan and Imperial Rome

History writing in the "New Rome" of Augustus

Historians and the Empire

7. The Christian historiographical revolution

The formulation of Early Christian historiography

The problem of continuity in an age of upheaval

The Carolingian and Anglo-Saxon consolidation is historiography

8. The historiographical mastery of new peoples, states, and dynasties

Integrating peoples into Latin historiography

Legitimizing new states and dynasties

9. Historians and the ideal of the Christian commonwealth

The last synthesis of Empire and Christianity

The persistence of Christian themes

Histories of a grand and holy venture: the Crusades

10. Historiography's adjustment to accelerating change

The search for developmental patterns

Transformations of the chronicle

11. Two turning points the Renaissance and the Reformation

The Italian Renaissance historians

Humanist Revisionism outside of Italy

The collapse of spiritual unity

12. The continuing modification of traditional historiography

The blending of theoretical and patriotic answers

Universal history: a troubled tradition

Historians, the new politics, and new perceptions of the world

The origin and early forms of American history

13. The eighteenth-century quest for a new historiography

The reassessment of historical order and truth

New views on historical truth

New grand interpretations: progress in history

New grand interpretations: the cyclical pattern

14. Three national responses

The British blend of erudition, elegance, and Empiricism

Enlightenment historiography in a German key

Recording the birth of the American nation

15. Historians as Interpreters of progess and nation: I

German historians: the cause of truth and national unity

France: historians, the nation, and liberty

16. Historians as Interpreters of progess and nation: II

English historiography in the Age of Revolution

Historians and the building of the American nation

Historiography's "Golden Age"

17. A first prefatory note to Modern historiography (1860-1914)

18. History and the quest for a uniform science

Comte's call to arms and the response

The German and English responses to Positivist challenges

The peculiar American synthesis

19. The discovery of economic dynamics

An economic perspective on the past

Karl Max: paneconomic historiography

Economic history after Marx

20. Historians encounter the Masses

Jubilant and dark visions

Social history as institutional history

The American "New History"; call for a democratic history

21. The problem of World history

22. Historiography between two World Wars (1918-39)

The twentieth-century context

Challenges to historians

Historicism: from dominance to crisis

Historians and the War Guilt Debate

23. History writing in Liberal Democracies (1918-39)

American historiography after the "Great War"

American progressive history

Other social histories

England: historiography in a fading Empire

French historians: the revolutionary tradition and a new vision of the past

24. Historiography and the grand ideoligies

Italian Fascism and historiography (1922-43)

German historians in the Weimar Republic and Hitler's Reich

The Soviet Union: the imagined future as the guide for history

25. American historiography after 1945

New realities and traditional horizons

Historiographical reprecussions of America's new status

Historiography as call for reform

26. History in the scientific mode

History in the language of numbers

Reshaping economic history

Growing dissent: Narrativism

Psychohistory: promise and problems

27. Transformations in English and French historiography

Voices in the War Guilt Debate

History writing in Post-imperial England

Traditional and New French historical perspectives

28. Marxist historiography in the Soviet Union and Western Democracies

The problems and the end of the Soviet Union's Marxism

Marxist historical theory in the West

29 Historiography in the Aftermath of Fascism

Historical perspectives in Postwar Italy

History for and of a New Germany

30. World history between vision and reality

The multiple cultures model

Progress and Westernization

World system theories

31. Recent historiography: fundamental challenges and their aftermath

The maturation of the new history

History and two visions of Postmodernity

The new cultural history

Prospects.