Legitimists and conservatives: Metternich. Louis XVIII and Charles X. Ferdinand VII of Spain. Ferdinand of Naples and Sicily. Louis Philippe and Guizot.
Radicals and nationalists of 1848-50: Lamartine and the French Revolution of 1848. Mazzini. Kossuth and the revolution of 1848-49 in Hungary. Frederick William IV and the revolution in Berlin. The Rhineland nationalists of 1848.
An interlude; Napoleon III.
The nation makers: Garibaldi. Cavour. Bismarck. Deák and the recovery of Hungarian freedom. Gambetta.
