Transcultural nursing theory and models: application in nursing education, practice, and administration

Madeleine Leininger's theory of culture care diversity and universality

Purnell's model for cultural competence

Campinha Bacote's "the process of cultural competence : in the delivery of health care services" and "a biblically based model of cultural competence"

Giger and Davidhizar's transcultural assessment model

Spector's health traditions model

Andrews/Boyle transcultural nursing assessment guide for individuals and families

Discussion across theory, models, and guide.